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Milan Paumer
Milan Paumer (April 7, 1931 – July 22, 2010) was a member of a militant Czechoslovak anticommunist resistance group that attracted worldwide fame – and notoriety – for killing seven men in the early 1952s in robberies of money and arms and for evading the biggest manhunt in the history of the Eastern Bloc. His five-man group, the Mašín Gang, carried out raids against state institutions in Czechoslovakia before being forced to flee to the West in October 1953.〔 The group crossed the Czech border to East Germany, making their way to West Berlin while an estimated 25,000 East German policemen, soldiers and secret agents were searching for them. Two of their members were wounded in shootouts in which a total of four East German policemen were killed, but Paumer and the remaining two members of the Mašín Gang successfully made it to the West and ultimately to the United States.
After returning to the Czech Republic following the fall of Communism, Paumer retired to his old home town. He remained a controversial figure who was reviled by some as a murderer but hailed by others as a heroic resistance figure. He was honoured by the Czech government in 2008 and the Czech Prime Minister, Petr Nečas, declared that Paumer had made a heroic decision to fight Communist oppression.
==Early life and anticommunist beginnings==
Paumer was born in Kolín in eastern Bohemia on 7 April 1931. During his childhood he lived in the nearby town of Poděbrady. It was there that he first met Ctirad and Josef Mašín, two brothers whose war hero father, a Czechoslovak general, was murdered by the Nazis during the Second World War.
In 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power in a coup d'état and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was established. Paumer and the Mašín brothers decided to begin a campaign of armed resistance. They formed a group that became known as the "Mašín Gang" and began by carrying out minor acts of sabotage in the area around their home town, such as burning fields and defacing posters of Joseph Stalin. They decided to obtain weapons and in 1951 they raided two police stations, killing two policemen in the process. In a subsequent raid on a security van carrying a payroll to a manufacturing plant, the gang succeeded in stealing around a million Czechoslovak crowns but killed the van's cashier during the raid.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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